InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade

Educação Ambiental: questões de vida

Bárbara Oliveira de Morais — Sat, 08 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Publicado em 2019, o livro “Educação Ambiental: questões de vida” foi escrito pelo Professor Titular da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Frederico Bernardo Loureiro, que há anos contribui para a reflexão de um tema que nos é tão caro: a Educação Ambiental Crítica. Sua vasta produção teórica ao longo do tempo nos permitiu explorar conceitos-chave como sustentabilidade, ecologia política, interdisciplinaridade, participação e transformação social, destacando a importância de uma abordagem holística, que vá além da mera transmissão de informações sobre o meio ambiente, tratando da dimensão social, cultural, econômica e política que a educação ambiental crítica possui.

Walking in the body-city in search of other urban geo-graphies

Victor Dantas Siqueira Pequeno, Ana Paula Camilo Pereira — Sat, 28 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

This article aims to argue in favor of the elements that guarantee graffiti and graffiti vandalism a geographical content, since their graphic forms, aesthetic, symbolic, and discursive forms constitute a type of graffiti landscape intended to be militant and transgressive. For this purpose, we rally the concept of urban corpography proposed by Paola Jacques in dialogue with the notion of bodyspace inspired by the assumptions of New Cultural Geography. Methodologically, this is a
qualitative-exploratory work. Regarding empirical results, we present some photographic records
representing the geographies inscribed on the painted walls that make up the urban landscapes
of/in Santa Maria (RS).

Analysis of fire and burned occurrence according to climate conditions and anthropic interferences

Sat, 28 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

The objective was to evaluate the occurrences of fires and burned in function of the climatic and anthropic variables represented by the Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) and mapping of land cover and use (MLCU). For the RAI, rain data from a series of thirty years was used, and for the MLCU
of 2010 and 2019, images from the Vexcel Ultracam sensor and the Sentinel 2B Satellite were used,
respectively. The outbreaks data were acquired from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) for the period from 2014 to 2019. The results showed that there were sixteen negative anomalies, highlighting the year 2014 with extremely dry RAI and that in the years 2012, 2016 and
2019 the outbreaks occurred in periods with positive anomalies. As for the classes of spatialization of the RAI, the dry class represented approximately 50% of the total area of the basin. Regarding the types of cover and land use, forests stood out with more changes. It was concluded that the outbreaks are not only influenced by environmental factors, but especially, by human activities.

Atmospheric systems and rainfall typology in anomalous years without the occurrence of the ENOS in Guarapuava-PR

Claudiane da Costa, Aparecido Ribeiro de Andrade, Marcos Balicki — Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

Rainfall is one of the main climatological variables. When exceptional events of rainfall occur, how negative or positive deviation impact directly on society. Because of this, this work had as a main goal to analyze the atmospheric systems and the rainfall typology in anomalous years, but without the possible influence of the ENOS in Guarapuava-PR-Brazil. In order to analyze the active
systems and the rainfall typology were used IAPAR’s secondary data, from 1988 to 2018. The annual and monthly average were computed, and based on this averages the positive and negative
deviate standard were performed in Microsoft Excel. The IAC calculation was also done and analyzed its intensity to anomalous years definition. In order to view the active systems and the rainfall typology, which made possible the anomalous, it were used Marine’s synoptic letters and satellite images. The results showed that high pressure stagnant areas on Central Brazil region is the
major responsible by the dry days in Guarapuava, while the Cold Fronts advance on low pressure areas trigger systems that lift the rainfall rates.

Didactics in School Geography: a documentary research based on lesson plans

Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

The didactic processes that make up School Geography gain emphasis, in this article, from the perspective of analyzing the didactic planning of teaching contents, especially in relation to lesson plans. In this article we present the results of a narrative review and documentary research regarding the analysis of five Geography lesson plans for Elementary School, whose research objective was to identify what teachers propose as content in lesson plans, in reference to the objects of knowledge indicated in the National Common Curricular Base (Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC), for the area of Human Sciences. As a result, it was possible to verify the fragility regarding the elaboration of teaching and learning objectives, the indication of contents in most of the documents consulted, as well as identifying the tendency to consider objects of knowledge as theme and/or content. Therefore, this study, based on the treatment of primary sources, enabled an analysis of the subject in question, which can contribute to expanding the discussion in the area of teaching Geography at School.

Agrifood markets in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: an analysis of the Croix-des-Bossales and Marché Hyppolite Mercados agroalimentarios en Puerto Príncipe, Haití: un análisis de Croix-des-Bossales y Marché Hyppolite

Joset E. Achelus, Valdemar João Wesz Junior — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

Croix-des-Bossales and Hyppolyte are the oldest agrifood markets in Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti, frequented by customers and vendors from various departments in the country. The purpose of this paper is to analyze these two markets, addressing their history, current characteristics,
importance and challenges, in addition to looking at the way in which national production is inserted in these spaces. To carry out this work, a bibliographic review and document analysis were
carried out, in addition to semi-structured interviews with 12 key actors. The results obtained point
out that the studied markets underwent major transformations, derived from the country's situation. In the last 20 years, in the face of sociopolitical instability, economic crisis and natural disasters, there has been a massive entry of imported products into both markets, harming national
agrifood production. Despite the difficult and complex current context, in which the vitality, security and movement in the Croix-des-Bossales and Hyppolyte markets are not the same as in previous moments, they continue to exist and resist, being important spaces for the food supply of the population of Port Prince.

Dynamics of the landscape around the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

The implementation of hydroelectric plants causes changes in the landscape, which are linked to social and environmental 'costs' that permeate the conclusion of the works. The present study presents a multitemporal analysis of 34 years, aiming to analyze the dynamics of the landscape in the area of influence of the UHBM, from 1988 to 2021, to assess whether the implementation of the UHBM interfered in the enthronization process. The results demonstrate that there were changes in the landscape that coincided with the installation and operation of the UHBM, with a strong influence on the Natural Non-Forest Formation (FNNF) and Water Body (CH) classes. However, the legal frameworks influenced the dynamics of the Primary Vegetation (VP), Secondary Vegetation (VS) and Anthropogenic Area (AA) classes. The dynamics of VP, SV and AA were similar between the limits of the Study Area, Settlements and Rural Properties; and within the limits of Indigenous Lands, the dynamics had few variations. Through the landscape metrics it was possible to observe that the fragments became irregular and disaggregated, showing a segmented landscape and the disappearance of a dominant matrix.

Agronomic and photosynthetic performance of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir grapevine varieties in São Joaquim, Santa Catarina

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

The cultivation of vines in regions of altitude, such as the region of São Joaquim, in Santa Catarina, SC, has stood out in the production of fine wines. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic and photosynthetic performance of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir varieties in São Joaquim, SC. The study
was conducted during the 2022/2023 harvest, in a commercial vineyard located at 1230m of altitude. The vegetative, productive, photosynthetic and technological maturation variables were analyzed. For the variables number of branches, bunches, fertility index, productivity, soluble solids
and Spad index, Pinot Noir varietie presented better performance in relation to Chardonnay. Gas exchange parameters (net photosynthesis, transpiration rate and carboxylation efficiency) were
higher in Chardonnay. However, this did not reflect in an increase in production and productivity, but probably in greater vegetative vigor. For the conditions of the present study, the Pinot Noir
variety is more efficient in the use of available resources, as it stood out with greater leaf area,
production, productivity, leaf area/production ratios, vegetative variables, soluble solids and Spad index in relation to the Chardonnay variety.

Between megadiversity and food insecurity in the Eastern Amazon: the alarming situation in the state of Pará

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

The objective of the article is to analyze the situation of food insecurity in rural areas in the North of Brazil, focusing the Pará State, considering IBGE data on EBIA in 2023. More specifically, food insecurity data will be analyzed with case study illustrations to demonstrate the tensions between increased access to food via purchase in parallel with the reduction in availability of food in territories due to the privatization of areas, exhaustion of resources and consequences of the climate emergency. The main conclusions point out that food preferences combine menus with traditional and ultra-processed foods, strongly influenced by the reduction in agroextractive activities and the supply of industrialized products in local markets; income from public policies is relevant in acquiring food via purchase, but also acts as credit resources and the promotion of agricultural activities; and climate change has a devastating impact on agroextractive activities, resulting in the reduction of native foods. Finally, it is considered that EBIA does not capture situations in which the food consumed comes from family production and reciprocal relationships that are common in rural Amazonia, such as flour, fish, açaí and native fruits.

The Sustainability Barometer applied to the settlements of the agrarian reform of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul: trends and possibilities of understanding

Onélia Carmem Rossetto, Giseli Gomes Dalla Nora, Luciane Cleonice Durante — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0300

The study aims to identify sustainability indicators of rural settlements created by INCRA, located in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. As a methodology, we listed the Sustainability Barometer and its stages for such a proposal. The adoption of sustainability indicators allows the elaboration of comparative studies, since they are applicable in multiple geographical contexts, constituting an effective methodology for measuring sustainability and the development of a sector. This methodology used the criteria for analyzing systems, subsystems, themes, dimensions that were necessary for the selection of indicators. This time, with a RADIS/UFMT database, the indicators were launched in the spreadsheet and generated the key reality analyzed. Based on the degrees elaborated by the methodology, the sustainability of the settlements surveyed in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul was identified, presenting environmental potentialities and and weaknesses.

Brazilian Geography: a science late to the party in LGBTQIAPN+ population studies?

Ian Moura Martins, Marcos Nicolau Santos da Silva, Igor Cruz Castro — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This article investigates the inclusion of LGBTQIAPN+ themes in Brazilian geographical science through the analysis of dissertations and theses. Using a systematic literature review, academic productions up to 2023 were examined, identifying 58 works, predominantly from public universities. It was found that, although studies have increased since 2015, production is still concentrated in the South and Southeast regions, with a focus on categories such as “territory” and “spatiality”. Trans and travesti identities are frequently associated with violence and prostitution, while orientations such as asexuality and pansexuality remain neglected. The study concludes that there is a need to expand and diversify research on LGBTQIAPN+ populations in the field of Geography.

Multitemporal analysis of estuarine islands in the Formoso River basin – South Coast of Pernambuco – Brazil

Renilson Pinto da Silva Ramos, Lidriana de Souza Pinheiro — Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The studied basin of small coastal rivers is located in an area of the Atlantic Forest biome, encompassing four municipalities along the coast of Pernambuco. Four specific dates were chosen for the study: 1989, 1996, 2008, and 2018, aiming to analyze morphometric parameters of the insular space within the highlighted hydrographic basin. Additionally, land use and land cover were discriminated to determine their influence on local morphological processes. The methodological procedures involved data from TM and OLI sensors for the morphometric analysis, while land use and land cover data were obtained from MapBiomas. The results of the areal analysis of the islands showed a decrease in area from the initial year to the subsequent two years of the study. However, in the last year, there was an increase in square kilometers. Regarding local vegetation, there was not a significant differentiation among the analyzed years. The discussion of these findings contributed to a deeper understanding of the hydrosedimentary characteristics of the coastal basins in the Pernambuco region.

Morphometry and land use as indicators of flood propension in the microbasins of Rio das Mortes, Minas Gerais – Brazil

Sun, 02 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Floods are natural phenomena that are part of the dynamics of a watershed. However, some characteristics of the drainage and relief in which the basin is inserted may contribute to a greater or lesser propensity for these events. Land use, especially when related to waterproofing, are also preponderant factors in the occurrence of these events, as they potentiate surface runoff. Thus, the
objective of this work was to identify the tendency for flooding in the microbasins that make up the watershed of Rio das Mortes. For this, seven different morphometric indices were applied in the study area, which are generally used individually. However, for this work, an integration of the parameters was carried out with each other and, later, with the use of the land, specifically in urban areas. The results obtained allowed us to identify that seven of the thirteen microbasins analyzed have a medium and high tendency to the occurrence of these phenomena.

Zoning environmental fragility of natural and anthropped ecosystems in the South of the State of Bahia, Brazil

Mon, 03 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The development of civilization stems from the consumption of natural resources, notably ecosystem services, especially those provided by river basins. Given this context, this study aims to map the degrees of environmental fragility of the Rio Salgado Hydrographic Basin, located in the South of the State of Bahia, from a multi-criteria analysis of different biophysical and land use and cover data, processed in geographic information system and machine learning. With the results, it appears that the slope of the topography and soil classes are determinant for the potential fragility of the evaluated ecosystem, varying in greater proportion from low to medium. In emerging fragility, it was found that environments previously classified as having a high degree of potential fragility reduced their levels, due to the presence of forest fragments. In another aspect, levels classified as low and medium frailty started to obtain medium and high emergent frailties, due to
local anthropization. The results will serve for a more sustainable territorial planning and management, being a contribution to the Committee of the River Basins of the East.

Cultural heritage and collective memory in Altamira-PA

Tue, 04 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Cultural heritage is a device linked to the history and memory of a group/community. It is an object that emerges from disputes of knowledge and powers, within a territory. Considering that this device has been little visible in view of the issues raised by the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant in Altamira-Pará, this research aimed to question the current dynamics between collective memory and cultural heritage in this city. This is a documentary research with Foucault’s theoretical and methodological framework. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted, questioning the relationship of the subjects with the patrimonial device. The discursive materials produced were analyzed based on archeogenealogy. The results refer to the literature on cultural heritage and memory, pointing out that, in Altamira, the subjects built, throughout their experiences, property relations with certain aspects and objects of the territory inhabited by them.

Quilombola Community of Furnas dos Baianos, Aquidauana – Mato Grosso do Sul: historical-cultural, socioeconomic aspects and relationship with the territory

Emilia Alibio Oppliger, Ademir Kleber Morbeck de Oliveira — Tue, 04 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Quilombola communities are often ignored not only by the state, but also by society with regard to when it comes to their need for and right to territory. The objective of this article was to discuss the historical-cultural aspects of the Furnas dos Baianos community, its socioeconomic profile and its relationship with the territory it occupies in the district of Piraputanga, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul. This is a qualitative, ethnographic research, which used forms, interviews and narratives for data collection. The community was formed by a group of migrants from Bahia whose main activity is subsistence agriculture, using traditional knowledge and the natural resources available for their survival. The process of land regularization and titling of the occupied territory had not been completed at the time of the research. It is a community with a combination of social, cultural, economic and political vulnerabilities.

Adverse environmental impacts caused by artificial ecosystems in the estuarine area of the Piranhas-Açu river (RN)

Denise Santos Saldanha, Ilton Araújo Soares — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The degradation of coastal ecosystems is increasingly intense due to changes related to land use and occupation provoked by advances in economic activities, generating harmful impacts that alter the
functionality and supply of direct or indirect benefits provided by the environment. In that regard, the objective of this research is to identify the main adverse environmental impacts caused by the insertion of artificial ecosystems in the estuarine system of the Piranhas-Açu River, located on the northern coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The methodology comprises a bibliographic and cartographic survey, on-site visits, vectorization of coastal ecosystems and an environmental diagnosis based on the application of indicators from the DPSIR model. As a result, six coastal ecosystems were identified, namely: estuary, coastal lagoons, mangroves, apicum, solar saltworks and shrimp ponds; in addition to the main environmental impacts caused by artificial ecosystems, known as loss and/or reduction of ecological and ecosystem functions and degradation of soil quality, with the mangrove and the apicum being the areas most subjected to these impacts. It was noted that the environmental and climatic factors favor the development of artificial ecosystems and, with that, propitiate the gradual increase of salt pans and shrimp ponds in the fluviomarine plain, where the DPSIR model proved to be satisfactory for analysis and evaluation of the causes and consequences of these activities.

Smart Cities: a perception study on sustainable urban development in the municipality of Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil

Thu, 06 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Intelligent cities make possible the reorganization of the urban environment, integrating people to public and private services, contributing to public managers optimizing processes, promoting effective actions for the benefit of the local community. The objective of this study is to diagnose the dimensions of an intelligent city recognized by the inhabitants of Imperatriz (MA). A descriptive analysis of the demographic profile of the research participants was used (384). For this purpose, a questionnaire was used, with direct interrogation procedures and the use of data collection techniques in the field, structured with adequate population sampling, in which the performance of the intelligence dimensions of the city was analyzed based on the variables: economy, mobility, environment, citizen, life and intelligent government, grouped in a structural model. It is concluded that the population does not recognize the city of Imperatriz as an intelligent city about aspects of intelligent city. This research suggests an action plan model, which is aimed at government managers, researchers and leaders who seek local or regional development.

The state of the art of teaching Socio-environmental Geography in High School

Sat, 08 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This state of the art research aims to analyze the relationship between the teaching of Geography, in High School, and issues related to the environment, from the abstracts extracted from the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), from the first available document in this Library (1967) until the last one published in 2019. The main results indicate the concentration of productions in the Southeast, South and Midwest regions. Regarding the themes developed, we can see the quantitative evolution of the environmental theme, as well as the concentration in the last decade of works that seek to relate the teaching of Geography to the environment and technologies.

Spread of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil

Danielle Pereira Costa Silva, Nádia Teresinha Schröder, Eliane Fraga da Silveira — Sun, 23 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease and a public health issue. The present study analyzed the spatial-temporal behavior of human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. This ecological study used secondary data from DATASUS between 2010 and 2020. Male individuals, with brown skin color, and young adults with low education level were the most affected. The disease was reported in all Brazilian regions. The Annual Increase Rate was upwards in the South and downwards in the Midwest. The Northern and Northeastern regions had the worst rates of sanitary overload, illiteracy, and Gini Index. Social and health public policies must be established, aiming at improvements in the socio-economic and environmental conditions of vulnerable populations, which are at a higher risk of falling ill to human visceral leishmaniosis. Improving these conditions shall help with the goals of the 2030 Agenda, which shall result in quality healthcare and wellbeing for the population, regardless of Brazilian region.

Aspects of the socio-environmental dynanmics of leprosy in the municipality of Buriticupu, state of Maranhão, Brazil

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Leprosy is a chronic disease with high infectology, although with low pathogenicity. Those properties with to etiological agent, host, and the degree of endemicity of the environment. The municipality of Buriticupu and Maranhão has a history of endemicity. Between 2010 and 2014, in Buriticupu, a total of 272 cases were recorded between 2015 and 2017 the annual average of the cases was 35, reinforcing issues of the relationship of socio-environmental characteristics with the disease. Descriptive quantitative method, statistical models, and multivariate analysis were used, with questionnaires, field research, and geoprocessing in spatial representations. It evidenced a
direct association of the most severe forms of leprosy with a low level of education and population income. Of the total respondents, 42% are retired, 38% are farmers. The education variable was decisive in diagnosis and treatment, impacting leprosy reduction policies. In the health service, barriers are diagnosis, late diagnosis, treatment dropout identified. The patients’ economic limitations and lack of knowledge allowed leprosy to remain in the area just as the social characteristics of the municipality.

From north american hegemony to chinese rise: the brazilian economy in a global order in transition

Glauber Lopes Xavier — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This paper discusses the role of the Brazilian economy in the political economy of the world system from the perspective of a global order in transition. This order in transition consists of the cooling of the North American global power observed in the last decades and, on the other hand, the expressive economic growth of China and the territorial expansion of its investments and trade. It consists in questioning the economic model in force in Brazil, also known as the accumulation pattern, based on the expansion of the production of primary products and its clear dependence on exports.

Environmental management in hydrographic basins: forest evaluation of fragmentation in the Meladeiro stream sub-basin, Sorocaba-SP, using landscape analysis

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Green infrastructure plays a very important role in the environmental quality of cities, especially in combating the fragmentation of natural habitats. In view ofthis, the present study assessed the conditions of forest fragmentation in the sub-basin of the Córrego Meladeiro, in Sorocaba-SP, from spatial landscape indexes. For this purpose, the land use in the sub-basin was mapped using Landsat 8 satellite images,the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the following metrics were calculated: area, distance from the nearest neighbor, circularity index and central area for forest fragments. It was found that forests and pasture occupy most of the sub-basin and is under forest fragmentation and is strongly subject to the edge effect. This is evidenced by the high number of very small forest fragments, with a moderately elongated shape and low index of central area. Therefore, the need for management plansfor the management and preservation of these remaining areas is emphasized, by given their importance, mainly in terms of ecosystem services.

Land use planning creating rural territories with and without electricity in Maranhão, Brazilian Amazon

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This article deals with the rural electrification policy in the state of Maranhão, Brazilian Amazon. The purpose of the research was to analyze the spatial distribution of municipalities of this state, of which some residents, according to results of the 2017 Agricultural Census, declared they had access to electricity, while others declared they did not have access to electricity. It is known that the Amazon
region is the largest producer of hydropower in Brazil. The analytical basisof the article was carried out through an approach on land use planning, rural electrification policies, and energy generation in the Amazon. For the data survey, the results of the Agricultural Census (Excel format) were used, as well as the Municipal Agricultural Production and the energy generation data from ANEEL (National Electric Energy Agency). The combination of these data was included in the ArcGIS software, generating a map of spatial distribution of rural electrification in municipalities of the state of Maranhão. The results indicate that the diffusion of electric energy in the rural areas of Maranhão is predominantly distributed in municipalities that produce soy. It is concluded that the policy of land use planning, based on rural electrification in the Amazon, favored agribusiness territories and produced areas with and without electricity.

Climate trends and variabilities in regions with different classes of use and land cover in Rio Grande do Sul

Carlos Vinicius Frota de Oliveira Silva, Rosandro Boligon Minuzzi — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This study aims analyse the climatic trend of rainfall and temperature and the variability of drought events in four regions of Rio Grande do Sul. Monthly temperature and rainfall data from 1970 and 2020 were used, and the analysis performed in relation to drought months and drought events were on the decadal scale. The Mann-Kendall test was used to assess the monthly trend of temperature and rainfall, while drought events were analyzed by frequency. The drought characteristics studied were: the number of months and dry events, the greatest number of consecutive drought months (maximum duration), the average of drought months (average duration) and its maximum intensity. With the trend of increasing temperatures and the greater frequency of longer and more intense drought events, associated with the almost non-existence of monthly trends in rainfall, it is assumed that the mesoclimate of these regions is changing, tending towards a warmer, drier environment with irregular rainfall in the temporal and spatial scales

Producing sovereignties or colonized peoples in the Amazon? Socio-environmental funds in Barcarena-Abaetetuba, Pará, Brazil

Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The creation and implementation of environmental funds has been considered a significant instrument for promoting a global environmental agenda. The global (geo)political strategy considers such funds as mechanisms for coping with and building resilience to climate change, through financing environmental projects and programs. Logically, such environmental funds have also been marked by diverse interests and uses: in the economic, political and counter-hegemonic fields. The Amazonian community funds (counter-hegemonic field), for example, were created as a mechanism and a tool to strengthen (the autonomy and) movements of struggle and resistance of indigenous peoples and traditional communities – at the same time making them protagonists in the fight against systemic, historical and structural socio-environmental crises and justice. Other funds, created by multinationals in the context of social responsibility and compensation for socioenvironmental crimes committed, demonstrate in practice the struggle between autonomy, dependence, strengthening and division in communities. Therefore, the objective of the article is to describe and analyze the origin of the creation of the Hydro Sustainability Fund and the BarcarenaAbaetetuba Environmental Community Fund, as well as the objectives of the funds, the social
groups benefited and the results already achieved.

Extension and Geography: ten classics to read in 365 days

Roberto Mauro da Silva Fernandes, Márcia da Silva — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Rescuing the classics of geography is fundamental for the renewal of science, reconstruction and the creation of new world readings because re-readings (re) produce contemporary knowledge from ideas of the past. In other words, the new today in geographical science may be the product of rereading of its classics. In the context of the formation of geographers, it is of the utmost
importance that they know the classics to retrace the inherited from the new. Thinking about such issues, the research group GEPES/ Postgraduate Program in Geography of the UNICENTRO, in partnership with the activities provided by the National Postdoctoral Program – PNPD (through postdoctoral student linked to the mentioned research group and Postgraduate Program), proposed the extension course “Ideas from the past for the production of the new: ten geography classics to read in 365 days” to the Dean of Extension and Culture (PROEC) of UNICENTRO. Thus, ten meetings were held between March and December 2019 at UNICENTRO to debate classics of Geography, through collective seminars. That way, he aim of the article is to demonstrate the activities developed in the mentioned Extension course, more specifically, we will reflect on their origins, the dynamics performed and the results obtained.