Revista Húmus

SILENCES IN THE AGE OF TECHNIQUE: THE JOURNEY OF LENZ BUCHMANN

Gabriela Fujimori da Silva — 2024-11-25

This article analyzes the complex relationship between silence and death in the novel Aprender a Rezar na Era da Técnica, by Gonçalo M. Tavares, with an emphasis on the trajectory of the character Lenz Buchmann. From the perspective of the polyphony of silence, it explores the multiple layers of meaning that emerge from the unspoken, the narrative fragmentation and the violence that permeate the romance. It is argued that the death of Lenz, a surgeon obsessed with control and the denial of human fragility, represents the supremacy of silence over instrumental reason and the illusion of mastery over life. In Tavares's work, silence is not a void but a form of expression loaded with meaning, capable of revealing the complexities of the human condition in the face of death and the limits of technique. Le Breton's (1997), Orlandi's (2007) and Tofalini’s (2020) studies will provide the main theoretical support for this research.

BODY AND SPATIALITY IN HEIDEGGER'S THOUGHT: an ontological-existential analysis of corporeality

Arlindo Antonio do Nascimento Neto — 2024-11-25

We investigate the relationship between body and spatiality based on Heidegger's philosophy. We address the accusations of neglect towards the theme of the body in Being and Time, questioning whether Heidegger truly ignores the body or, conversely, offers an analysis of how humans embody their being. We examine whether it makes sense, as some French philosophers argued, to claim that Dasein is an entity devoid of carnality. In the Zollikon Seminars, Heidegger explores the “problem of the body” (Leibproblem) and critiques the Cartesian objectification that reduces the human body to a res extensa. He distinguishes between the material body (Körper) and the lived body (Leib), proposing an ontological-existential understanding of corporeality, considering how it is experienced in existence. We thus ask how Heidegger's conception of the body relates to the spatiality of Dasein in Being and Time.

The constitucional principles of international relations and the embargo to Cuba

Guilherme Camargo Massaú — 2024-11-25

This text aims at analyzing legally the degree of link of head of state to constitutional principles of international relations of the 1988 Federal Constitution. Thus, it is taken as a basis the decision claimed by the (Supreme Court Justice) Luís Roberto Barroso in the Action against a violation of a constitutional right 805 proposed by the Workers Party (PT) in face of contrary vote to Resolution A/RES/74/7 of the Brazilian Government in the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN), which dealt with the embargo on the Cuban State. The hypothetical-deductive method helped in the search for results related to the incidence of those principles from a judicial decision based on
bibliographical resources. The conclusions that the text brings is the violation of the principle of the prevalence of human rights by the Head of State by not having made it concrete through his position when representing Brazil at the UN. This is due to the fact that the principle established in Art. 4 of
the Brazilian Constitution are State policies, not government policies. Also, it was concluded that the STF’s decision was inadequate when it ignored the normative effects emanating from constitutional principles in international relations.

THE SACRED AND THE PROFANE IN AFRICAN-BASED RELIGIONS AND THEIR MUSICAL DEVELOPMENTS: and their non-dualist philosophical contributions to Western thought

Wesley Barbosa — 2024-11-25

This article aims to reveal, from the extreme situation of African slavery, Afro-Brazilian music as viable new music. And this black musicality, as coming, specifically, from African-based religions. In other words, there is a connectivity between the experience of the sacred, with its sonorous arpeggios, in Candomblé terreiros, and its strong inseparability from the profane, with its saint festivals, open to the uninitiated, and the constitution of popular music, especially , from samba. In this way, religions of African origin, Candomblé, Voduns, Calundus, and their developments in liturgical festivals, promote a hermeneutic operation capable of emptying the dualistic, deeply European form of thought. And this is a great contribution of Brazilian thought to Western thought. While a philosophy divided the world in two, forging an interpretative fiction, Candomblé, samba, choro, black Brazilians maintained the unity of the world, despite its multiplicity, allowing themselves to be connected with the real, not only through reason, but also through passions, the body, feelings, the profane sacred, and the sacred profane. In other words, the history of Brazilian music, as well as the history of Brazil, in its connection with terreiro religions, reveals a multiple reality in the one, because the one is multiple, because the sacred and the profane are confused, just like party and action. citizen politics, in addition to the suffering of immense pain and the joy of being funny in a reality devastated by the moral misery of the colonizer's yoke. The hypothesis is that the cultural and political experience of Brazilian reality offers the history of philosophy supports that overcome the dialectical, dualistic, resentful, reactive or spiteful prerogatives of a style of thought that operates under the poles of A and B in intention of a teleological synthesis. The Brazilian religious musician experience breaks these premises, as it suggests cohesions beyond good and evil.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ON YOUTUBE: Political Uses by Brazilian Right-Wing Movements (2018–2022)

Daniel Gomes de Carvalho — 2024-11-25

The aim of this article is to analyze the political uses of the French Revolution in YouTube channels aligned with the Brazilian right between 2018 and 2022, the period corresponding to Jair Messias Bolsonaro's presidency. From this, we developed a threefold hypothesis: first, such uses align with political discourse on the topic in North America and France, suggesting a blend of francophone and anglophone right-wing traditions in Brazil. Second, despite this international resonance, the Brazilian right’s use of the French Revolution has roots in the second half of the 20th century, linking to the anti-communist rhetoric of the military dictatorship. Third, this appropriation ties into a specific conception of contemporary history and Brazil, aiming to insert the country into a broader narrative of the supposed decline of "Judeo-Christian civilization," positioning Brazil within the "West."

HOMELESS MANS IN THE MEDIA: Contested Notions of Masculinity

Rafael Bianchi Silva — 2024-11-25

The article analyzes contemporary modes of subjectivity, highlighting the interference of technological devices in the everyday life of the population and in the production of gender perspectives. It specifically problematizes how the media influence the formation of certain notions of intersected masculinities in men in street situations (HSC) in Brazil. The methodology used in this
investigation is of a documentary nature. Masculinities are conceived as products of power relations, influenced by historical, ethnic, racial, generational, socioeconomic factors and individual desires. In the Brazilian context, hegemonic masculinities, represented by figures such as businessmen, politicians and military men, often seek refuge by depreciating other expressions of masculinity, such as the HSC, associating them with negative stigmas and thus reaffirming their own position of superiority in the hierarchy of gender. Therefore, the investigation highlights how the construction of hegemonic masculinity often implies the marginalization of other masculine identities.

GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE: a brief overview of federal councils in Brazil

Leonice Aparecida de Fatima Alves Pereira Mourad — 2024-11-25

The article results from bibliographic and exploratory research on the governance of public policies for the elderly in the Brazilian context, focusing on the capillarity and duties of the Municipal Councils for the Elderly. The objective was to understand the regulatory changes aimed at this demographic, both nationally and internationally, and their relationship with the growing
perception of the vulnerability affecting this group. The research was based on national and international legislation and the federal government’s database regarding the configuration of these Councils. The study highlights the global concern with aging, which has prompted a series of regulations that have guided governmental and civil actions to protect the rights of elderly people.
Governance arrangements, such as federative councils, particularly at the municipal level, have played an important role in fostering strategies to monitor the implementation of public policies for the elderly.

Access to health for people with disabilities through mediation and conciliation

Carlos Eduardo Montes Netto — 2024-11-25

This article aims to analyze the media and conciliation as appropriate devices or not to effect the health of people with disabilities. Currently, the use of means of self-compositional conflict solutions is encouraged, especially designed in some specific areas. It is understood that the use of these means, in some specific situations, can be beneficial and serve as a way of expanding effective access to justice. It was decided to carry out a bibliographical research, of an exploratory nature, developed by a deductive method with the analysis of legislative texts, academic works and works on the subject, and in the end it was possible to conclude that the use of mediation and conciliation was adequate in conflicts that deal with the right to health for people with disabilities, as a way of expanding effective access to justice, aiming at the realization of this fundamental right of the vulnerable group under study.

YOUNG WOMEN IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE POLITICS: An analysis based on the 2020 municipal elections

Liandra Lima Carvalho — 2024-11-25

The 1988 Federal Constitution guarantees equality between men and women before the law and grants adolescents aged 16 to 18 the right to vote, albeit on an optional basis. This research seeks to fill this gap by examining the presence of young women in politics, both as voters and as candidates for positions such as city councilors, vice-mayors, and mayors in the 2020 municipal elections in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The justification for this study lies in the need to highlight young women's political participation and understand the barriers they face in holding elected positions. To achieve this objective, the research is based on a documentary analysis organized from data provided by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), allowing for a detailed assessment of the presence and role of young women in local politics.

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES: possibilities and limitations from a lake located at CECLIMAR/CLN/UFRGS

Ivonei Sozio — 2024-11-25

The object of this study on the valuation of environmental resources is located at the Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR/CLN/UFRGS). It concerns a lake that is managed by the Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos
(CERAM) to support the care and rehabilitation of animals undergoing treatment there. The objective of this study was to assess the valuation of this natural resource using the method
known as the market cost of substitute goods, which is related to the production function. This method assigns value to a natural resource by considering its replacement cost based
on market values for goods and services that can similarly substitute the resource in question. Following the application of the valuation method, an economic value was assigned to this natural resource. Subsequently, a discussion was held regarding the
limitations and possibilities of this methodological model to support management and decision-making in this context.

LOCALITY OF SANTA LEOCÁDIA, CANOINHAS/SC: historical notes about its origin and its connection to the Contestado War

Diego Gudas — 2024-11-25

The Boundary Dispute, or Contestado Question, between Paraná and Santa Catarina was a conflict over the lands between the Uruguay and Iguaçu rivers, south of Rio Negro. Paraná based its claim on the principle of uti possidetis, which establishes the right to a territory through the possession exercised over it. Arthur de Paula e Souza, an influential politician and mayor of União da Vitória/PR, founded the Santa Leocádia farm in 1905, on the left bank of the Iguaçu River. The research analyzed the farm’s origin within the context of the Boundary Dispute, using inductive and documentary research, highlighting period newspapers. It was concluded that Santa Leocádia was a strategic point in the dispute, and its establishment directly impacted regional development by
influencing the local territorial and economic organization, tied to the trajectory of Arthur de Paula, who was assassinated during the Contestado War.

A LOOK AT THE FOREST: ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH DIGITAL LENSES

Inado do Nascimento Ferreira — 2024-11-25

The tropical forests stand out for having one of the greatest biodiversity on the planet, with a high degree of endemism, being a barn for a large amount of organisms. They are so dynamic and productive that many of the species that inhabit this biome still remain unknown to science. Despite their importance, tropical forests are among the most threatened ecosystems on the planet, with Brazil having the highest concentration in the world. The Atlantic Forest and its associated ecosystems that make up the Atlantic Forest biome stands out for its diversity of species, recognized for its high complexity and concentration of life in abundance. Currently, the original cover of the forest is restricted mostly to fragments of forest, but the conservation of the remaining spaces can be used as one of the mechanisms for preserving all this wealth. Environmental education can be one of the alternatives to slow down the disappearance of this forest and prevent this biome from collapsing. In this sense, school spaces can be pointed out as an environment conducive to making people awaken interest in the care of the forest. Thinking about this, the work aimed to record through digital lenses the various perceptions within a fragment of Atlantic Forest, in order to provoke reflections through the eyes of elementary school students.

LASTING SUSTAINABILITY AND HUMAN HABITATION OF PLANET EARTH – the dynamic Biological-cultural architecture

Valdo Barcelos — 2024-11-25

The article proposes a reflection on sustainability, having as its epistemological foundation the proposition of Humberto Maturana’s and Ximena Dávila’s Cultural Biology. The planet’s environmental imbalances do not arise exclusively from the use of existing elements, the generation of waste and its disposal, but rather from the way this use, and disposal is made. This process is carried out by all living beings. What happens is us humans adopted a way of living guided by irresponsibility, combined with a persistent attitude of lack of realization that we are the living beings that generate more destructive transformations in the ecological harmony of planet Earth. This process occurs each time with more intensity and speed. The article seeks to demonstrate that the so-called sustainable processes are the result of the Biological-cultural dynamics we adopt in the flow of our daily life. Sustainability will require the construction of a common project in the human habitation, guided by cooperation and co-elaboration.

THE RELEVANCE OF OPPOSITIONS IN POLITICS IN CONTEMPORARY DEMOCRACIES: strategies for inclusion and institutional renewal in light of SDG16

Samira Dreon — 2024-11-25

The political debate during the exercise of an elective mandate is marked by the permanent confrontation of understandings about the actions of elected officials with the sectors commonly called opposition. This article focuses on the reflection on the need for robust oppositions that contemplate the perception of those situations not reached by the government, specifically, those far from the political routine and power, people with their diversities, problems and urgent or strategic needs. With the objective of substantiating the role of oppositions in democracies as a necessity and strategy for the inclusion of all and the renewal of institutions as guided by UN SDG 16, the research problem revolves around the context of political polarization, enhanced by fake news and lack of quality information, which fosters or does not foster broad spaces of exclusion and contempt for participation. The inductive method is used to construct the study.

TEACHING HISTORY AND DIGITAL ANIMATION: an experience report and a suggestion of methodological approach

Renan Birro — 2024-11-25

The current article proposes a theoretical-methodological debate about the use of animations for teaching history. After a bibliographical synthesis, it was discovered that it is a relatively new field in Brazil, since we could find signals of structural and formative fragilities for further developments; also, there were few initiatives of lifelong formation and resources to apply its premises broadly in schools. Nevertheless, dealing with concepts such as agency, representation and memory, the use of digital animation in classrooms looks like a good strategy as a significant learning experience for the school's students. Thus, in the last part of this article, we advanced to expose an experience report with teachers-students from the MA in Teaching History at University of Pernambuco who give lessons in public and private schools. First, they were introduced to how to create digital animations; and, in a further moment, despite the aforementioned broad limitations, it was possible to share some strategies to promote the integration of school students in the process of creating digital animations based on their school realities and their current researches.

MOVING BETWEEN TWO WAYS OF PLANTING: from urbanextensive to traditional and the challenges of staying in the countryside

Helena Marchisotti de Souza — 2024-11-25

We can't deny that the invasion of industrial capitalism into the countryside and its extensive urbanization has been erasing and challenging the traditional ways of
farming that still exist. With the advent of the so-called “green revolution”, small farmers are increasingly incorporating a way of farming based on efficiency and productivity. Abandoning traditional ways that take advantage of the system's ability to sustain itself. We propose here to problematize both forms without the intention of comparing them, as if one
were better than the other, but rather to understand how they reflect different ways of life, at a time when the countryside represents one of the ways of tackling the current climate
crisis, when family farming is responsible for a large part of the urban population's food, revealing the importance of the permanence of those who work in the countryside.

POST-COLONIAL AFRICA: the problem of national identity

Francisco Antonio de Vasconcelos — 2024-11-25

The research seeks to find an answer to the following problem: how to explain the question of the search for a national identity on the African continent? Its time frame is the postcolonial period in Africa. After the Second World War, with Europe weakened, the European colonies
on the African continent will mobilize, aiming to gain their own freedom. Freed, each country or territory on the African continent will have to face the challenge of preserving its unity. Linked to this is the need to deal with issues relating to identity (of African, but also respectively of Ghanaian,
Mozambican, Angolan, South African, Nigerian etc.). However, the construction of a national identity is, in itself, a very complex task and a problem that is difficult to solve. In the African case, understanding the issue of national identity requires those willing to face this task to observe several elements, for example: a) the challenge of keeping the new State united; b) the post-colonial period
bears the mark of historical novelty; c) the difficult politics on the continent; d) Tradition as a defining element.

PERSPECTIVES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLEASURE, LIFE, AND MORALITY IN KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY

Leandro Rocha — 2024-11-25

The article explores the complex interaction between pleasure, life, and morality in the work of Immanuel Kant. The study analyzes Kant's conception of pleasure as a vital manifestation that reflects the conformity between our representations and the plan of nature. Kant distinguishes between pleasure in the agreeable, related to animality, and moral pleasure, which results from actions guided by reason, as well as aesthetic pleasure. Moral pleasure is seen as a higher form of satisfaction compared to other modes of pleasure. The text concludes that, in Kantian philosophy, pleasure and morality can be harmonized, resulting in a full life that integrates the sensory and rational aspects of the human being.

Study on the concept of environment at BNCC in the light of the semiolinguistic theory of discourse analysis

Cezar AugusTo Rufino de Santa Ana — 2024-11-25

This article aims to identify the intended effect on the concept of environment in Brazilian formal education, based on the subjectivation strategy produced in the official documents that regulate Brazil's educational system, that is, in authorized discourses. In this article, we limited the documents analyzed to the BNCC and the Caderno Meio Ambiente dos Temas Contemporâneos Transversais da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (TCT). What we call “intended effect” is a term originating from Semiolinguistics and refers to the persuasive effect that the communicating subject of a speech intends to produce on his interlocutor (Charaudeau, 2019, p.76). We therefore investigate how a given type of discourse can act in the production of collective subjectivities. Thus, in summary, the central purpose of the research is to identify the intended effect on the understanding of the environment present in the systematic set of legal authorized discourses of Brazilian education.

The lobby of lipstick and the participation of women in the brazilian constituent process of 1988 in light of decoloniality

Marli Marlene Moraes — 2024-11-25

This article addresses the participation of women in the 1987-1988 constitutional process and the influences of the Lobby do Batom and the Carta das Mulheres Brasileiras aos
Constituintes on the new Brazilian constitutionalism and the opening to decolonial dialogue. The general objective of the article is to analyze the demands of the women constituents and their influence on contemporary Brazilian constitutionalism. The research question is: to what extent did the Lobby do Batom and the demands of the women constituents foster the emergence of a decolonial paradigm in current Brazilian constitutionalism? The methodology employed was qualitative, using bibliographic and monographic research techniques, as well as the comparative method.

Human rights and the humanizing function of literature

Roberta Oliveira Lima — 2024-11-25

The article addresses structural racism, the right of anti-discrimination and the humanizing role of literature through Barbara Neely’s Blanche on the Lam (2022). The aim is to examine how literature supports the discussion of issues such as racism and prejudice. The plot analysis highlights discriminatory aspects faced by the protagonist, promoting anti-racist reflections from a legal perspective, based on Rios (2008), Maingueneau (2016), Almeida (2020) and Stutchcka (2023). The humanizing function of literature is discussed in the light of Antonio Candido (1972; 1995), highlighting the importance of the relationship between Law and Literature for critical formation in law. The conclusion is that the thematic relevance lies in reflecting on a law that, in addition to procedural normatization, considers the intersecting inequalities of race, gender and class that permeate the “legal operation”, with literature being an important instrument for a critical and sensitive formation of professionals in the field.

Deliberative democracy and the influence of participation in public administration in brazil

Ana Júlia Antunes de Oliveira — 2024-12-05

This study analyzes the influence of popular participation in public administration from the perspective of Jürgen Habermas' deliberative democracy. Habermas' proposal, based on the discourse principle, argues that norms of action are valid when their recipients could accept them in rational discourse. To assess the effectiveness of participatory institutions, Porto Alegre's Participatory Budget and Florianópolis' Master Plan were examined, both cases where the population actively participated. The study sought to understand the reasons behind popular engagement in these instances. Additionally, the 1993 Plebiscite and the 2005 Referendum were analyzed as forms of participation. It concludes that popular engagement would be strengthened by improving constitutional instruments, bringing Brazil closer to Habermas' deliberative proposal, which advocates for the inclusion of all interested parties, including the subaltern public sphere, in public administration discussions.

EDUCATION AND ICT: contemporary challenges in the neoliberal scenario

Fernanda de Melo Monteiro Fantini — 2024-12-21

This study seeks to analyze Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the neoliberal context and their implications for digital inclusion, the precariousness of work relationships and public policies aimed at technological democratization. Under this logic, ICTs are presented as tools to promote efficiency and social inclusion. This research investigates whether technologies, in their application, reinforce structural inequalities and serve as an instrument for consolidating market logics. Digital inclusion reveals that, with increased access to technologies, public policies neglect structural and qualitative aspects, such as digital literacy, which can lead to the exclusion of vulnerable populations. In the field of work, ICTs have intensified the flexibility of
labor relations, promoting precarious conditions, economic insecurity and the transfer of risks, in accordance with neoliberal principles.

Editorial

Paulo Silas — 2024-12-06

Publicada aqui a última edição do ano de 2024 da Revista Húmus. Intitulada “Técnica, Corpo e libertação”, a edição conta com trabalhos dos saberes da Filosofia, do Direito, da História, da Sociologia, da Literatura e áreas afins das ciências humanas e sociais, mantendo-se fiel a sua proposta de abranger diferentes disciplinas de em menor ou maior grau se relacionam de alguma forma. São 22 artigos publicados nessa edição de número 43, o que representa uma ampla colaboração dos diversos pesquisadores que submeteram seus trabalhos para a revista Húmus a fim de compartilhar seus escritos com a comunidade acadêmica. O pensamento de Lenz Buchmann, análise ontológico-existencial da corporeidade em Heidegger, as relações internacionais e o embargo à Cuba, os desdobramentos musicais nas religiões de matrizes africanas, a presença da Revolução Francesa no contexto político brasileiro nos anos de 2018-2022, a presença na mídia de homens em situação de rua, os conselhos federativos no Brasil com relação a governança para pessoas idosas, a mediação e a conciliação como meios de acesso à saúde para a pessoa com deficiência, análise das eleições municipais no Rio de Janeiro com a participação de mulheres jovens, valoração de recursos ambientais, análise da localidade de Santa Leocádia em um município catarinense e sua vinculação com a Guerra do Contestado, sustentabilidade e educação ambiental trabalhados por lentes digitais, o conceito de Biologia-cultural de Humberto Maturana e Ximena Dávila, análise das estratégias de inclusão e de renovação institucional a partir da ODS 16, proposta de abordagem metodológica para o ensino de história por meio de animações digitais, modos de plantio diversos e suas implicações no campo, a questão da identidade nacional na África, a relação entre prazer, vida e moralidade a partir de Kant, o conceito de meio ambiente na BNCC estudado pela análise do discurso, a participação das mulheres na constituinte do Brasil em 1988, a função humanizadora da literatura e sua relação com os direitos humanos e a influência da participação pela democracia deliberativa na gestão pública no Brasil são os temas trabalhados com esmero por cada um dos autores da presente edição, tendo-se como resultado mais um número da revista que entrega ao leitor diversas abordagens e perspectivas sobre temáticas que merecem o estudo!