Revista de Políticas Públicas

Schedule 2030-UN as a neoliberal language act: contributions to teacher training

Marcelo Manoel de Sousa — 2025-06-12

The neoliberal discourse introduced into educational policies, with explicit purposes in training subjects who defend their language, is the main theme of the study. We sought to analyze objective 4 of the 2030-UN Agenda, as an act of neoliberal language in teacher training. Among others, it was based on the contributions of Bauman (2015, 2013), with his discussions on the naturalization of social inequalities; Bourdieu (2018, 1998), and his analyzes of the effects of neoliberalism; discourse was used in Charaudeau (2016, 2005), as an act of language, in the interpretation of data; the materiality was the 2030-UN Agenda. Qualitative, basic type. The results show that teachers are challenged in the human training of individuals for a public democracy, in relation to a model of society that only fits minority democracy, through the training of the neoliberal subject.

Agenda to remember: the problem stream in the brazilian psychiatric reform

Luiz Arilton Vieira — 2025-06-12

The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform process began in the late 1970s and was consolidated starting in 2001, mainly due to the promulgation of Law 10,216. However, with regard to the approval of a new Public Policy, the existence and confluence of elements favorable to its approval are expected. Therefore, the present study used Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework to characterize the problem stream that pushed the National Mental Health Policy into the governamental setting-agenda. Documents published between 1978 and 2003 were analyzed. It is concluded that there are numerous indicators pointing to the dimension of the problem in brazilian psychiatric care; of crises, symbols and events importants, indicating their magnitude; and abundants feedbacks, that both dimension and reinforce the problem, as well point the direction of a possible solution.

Applications for teaching and learning mother tongues of indigenous peoples in Brazil

Suellen Tobler Almeida — 2025-06-12

This case study analyzes the implementation process of the Nheengatu app, which is considered the first application aimed at teaching and learning mother tongues of indigenous peoples in Brazil. As methodological procedures, documentary research, unsystematic observation, participant observation, and content analysis are applied. The data obtained were interpreted according to the Public Policy Cycle (SECCHI et al, 2022), with an emphasis on Kingdon's Multiple Streams Theory (2014). The investigation demonstrated that the author of the Nheengatu app project, which received resources from Law No. 14,017/2020, known as the Aldir Blanc Law (BRASIL, 2020), fits Kingdon's theory of the policy entrepreneurs actor, and the concepts of the public policy cycle apply to the reality of the implementation of such public policy.

Results-based contracting in public security: operational management in the Military Police of Minas Gerais

Luiz Eduardo Mateus Machado — 2025-06-12

This article examines the design and implementation of a performance contracting model adopted by the Military Police of Minas Gerais (PMMG) to manage their operational activities. The "Operational Performance Management" (GDO) is analyzed through: 1) a study of the regulations regarding its design; 2) interviews with officers at strategic, tactical, and operational levels; and 3) direct observation of GDO management meetings. The study found that elements of militarism (hierarchical management structure and resistance to organizational change) hinder the implementation of performance contracting models, particularly during the negotiation and agreement phase of indicators and targets. However, it was also observed that the model can enhance governance and control of operational police management, helping to align institutional strategies with final results.

From emptiness to crisis: an analysis of the 16 years of OPCAT ratification

Natália Damazio Pinto Ferreira — 2025-06-12

The article aims to analyze the implementation of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in Brazil. It will analyze what is the obligation to create the monitoring bodies, contraposing it to the reality of the National System. The methodology will consist in observing indexes for evaluation of the implementation of international treaties adapted to the requirements relevant to the provisions of the Protocol. This will be used to analyze the police as a whole, which means the Mechanism and the Committee to Prevent Torture, the ones that are predicted or in place at the country, with data until 2023, in order to observe if what is in place is factual implementation or just a formal one.

Aging, care and family in a “crucible” of Social Work

Edilane Bertelli — 2025-06-12

This paper analyzes interpretations of old age and aging, care work for the elderly, and the place of families in social protection policies, specifically in the academic production of Social Work and in the contemporary Brazilian context. The reflections come from bibliographic research carried out in thirteen online journals in this area, whose articles were published between 2000 and 2022. There is a certain incipience of studies and reflections related to the intricate web of old age, families and female caregivers, and social assistance policies for the elderly.

Prospective studies for public policies: employment and income in São Luís – MA

Júlio César Pinheiro Maciel Maciel — 2025-06-12

This study proposes a systematic monitoring of conditions for the formulation of public policies on employment and income in São Luís (MA) over a 25-year horizon (2025-2050). Based on prospective studies, it identifies the driving forces of change in the local labor market. The methodology includes theoretical analyses, statistical methods (probability vs favorability), and the Cross-Impact method. Questionnaires (quantitative) and interviews with specialists (qualitative) were conducted using the Delphi method. The analyses generated three possible scenarios, illustrated in terms of Motricity vs Dependence, to assist policymakers and stakeholders in decision-making. The system is replicable, with local adaptations.

LGBTQIA+phobia, biopower, and power dynamics: a study on social control and oppression in Brazil

Jeam Claude de Souza Gomes — 2025-06-12

The LGBTQIA+ population still ranks among the highest globally in terms of violence, death, and discrimination. Therefore, this study investigated the dynamics of power and LGBTQIA+phobia through Michel Foucault's concept of biopower and Giovanni Olsson's analyses of "power over," aiming to understand how these theories explain the marginalization and violence against the LGBTQIA+ population. The study explores the relations of domination imposed by the State, family, and society. Consequently, the research was conducted using a qualitative methodology, involving three main stages: bibliographic research, empirical data collection, and news analysis. The results indicate that the State exercises biopolitical control that perpetuates marginalization, exclusion, and the creation of territories of fear, where LGBTQIA+ individuals are subjected to violent practices and forced back into the "closet." Meanwhile, the dynamics of "power over" are present in family relations, contributing to the increase in violence against this population. It is concluded that, despite the criminalization of LGBTQIA+phobic violence and the guarantee of constitutional rights, we are experiencing a regression in public policies, rendering these mechanisms insufficient due to their failure to generate structural changes in the public policy agenda and society.

Public policies for early childhood education: an analysis of guidelines from Brazil and Portugal

Diovana Machado da Silva — 2025-06-12

This research seeks to answer the following question: What is presented in the articles published on the Capes Journals Portal regarding public policies for Early Childhood Education in Brazil and Portugal? The study is situated within a qualitative approach of a bibliographic nature and presents a theoretical-reflective analysis. A review of the state of knowledge regarding public policies in Early Childhood Education in Brazil and Portugal was conducted. The bibliographic analysis reveals the efforts of both countries to promote quality education so that children in early childhood can develop holistically. In both Brazil and Portugal, significant changes in educational policies reflect a commitment to equality and respect for diversity. However, it is important to highlight that the effective implementation of these public policies does not always occur as planned, resulting in gaps in the quality of early childhood development.

Reforms in high school and the attacks of neoliberalism against public education in Maranhão

Helciane de Fátima Abreu Araujo — 2025-06-12

This article is the product of a research carried out within the scope of the Laboratory of Teaching, Research and Extension of Social Sciences of the State University of Maranhão – LEPECS/UEMA, between 2022 and 2024. The objective was to analyze the implementation of the New High School, starting in 2017, in public schools in Maranhão, in the face of the advance of neoliberalism in the country. Inspired by reflexive sociology (Bourdieu, 1998), qualitative and quantitative methodological procedures were adopted, including visits to schools, interviews with sociology teachers and administrators, discussion groups with students, observation at events, documentary, legislative and bibliographic research. The study found that the reforms restrict the place of social sciences, impose a daily juggling act to escape exclusion, triggering processes of resistance and mobilization in the face of challenges.

The crisis of reason and the advance of authoritarianism: philosophical reflections on the extreme right and democratic fragility

Carlos de Souza Lima — 2025-06-12

The rise of the far-right in recent decades has raised urgent questions about the foundations of reason and the state of liberal democracies. This article reflects on the collapse of rationality in public debate and the erosion of democratic principles in the face of contemporary authoritarianism. By investigating the philosophical roots of this phenomenon, it analyzes how misinformation, populism, and ideological polarization have compromised society's ability to safeguard civilizational achievements. The article also examines the role of political philosophy in understanding current challenges and confronting threats to fundamental freedoms. Through the lens of thinkers such as Hannah Arendt and Jürgen Habermas, a critical reflection on resistance strategies to radicalization and the importance of reason as a central axis in the reconstruction of healthy democratic dialogue is proposed. The conclusion offers a rethinking of the role of philosophical education as a vital tool for maintaining active citizenship and social justice in times of crisis.

The Fundação Cultural Palmares in times of extreme right in Brazil: the symbolic attack on afro-brazilian culture (2019-2022)

Elton Luis da Silva Júnior — 2025-06-12

The objective of this work is to analyze how the actions and speeches of the former president of Palmares Cultural Foundation (FCP), Sérgio do Nascimento Camargo, alongside the phenomenon of Bolsonarism experienced in Brazil, resulted in the denial and omission of the fight against racism in the country, leading to a symbolic dismantling of the institution. In this context, we conducted an analysis of concrete institutional actions aimed at weakening the main federal institution responsible for promoting Afro-Brazilian culture and combating racism in the country. For this purpose, we conducted research on the official website of the institution to identify official documents such as ordinances, normative instructions, legislation, and official notes to investigate how the symbolic dismantling of the FCP took place. The research results indicate that the management of the institution moved in a direction contrary to the policy of valuing Afro-Brazilian culture, encouraging racism in its various forms and fostering aversion to Afro-Brazilian elements.

Economic crisis and the rise of the far-right in Italy and France

Artur Bispo dos Santos Neto — 2025-06-12

This text aims to understand the widespread foundations that underpin the vicissitudes of the sociopolitical phenomenon related to the “far-right” in contemporary times; particularly, the growth of the political parties “National Rally” (France) and “Brothers of Italy” (Fratelli d'Italia). The critical analysis of the peculiar elements that support the metamorphoses of these two organizations finds its turning point in the understanding of aspects that manifest the economic crisis and the imposition of austerity policies by the European Union. This indicates that the rise of the far-right is not exclusive to the old European continent but is a phenomenon of a broad and universal nature, like capital itself. The bibliographical and documentary approach is supported by the theoretical contributions of Marcelo Musto (2016), István Mészáros (2011), R. Paxton (2007), Carla Brandalise (2005), Caetano de Souza (2024), Emílio Gennari (2024), M. Narcizo (2019), among others.

Democracy under attack: narratives of coup orchestration, in January 2023

Carla Montuori Fernandes — 2025-06-12

The article aims to understand the functioning of the Bolsonaro network after Jair Bolsonaro’s (PL) electoral defeat, identifying active profiles and communities on the social network X, during the attacks on public property in Brasília on January 8, 2023. This episode, which culminated in the invasion of the Praça dos Três Poderes, is part of a broader movement of the global far-right's rise in the 21st century, characterized by anti-democratic narratives and the extensive use of disinformation to challenge legitimate electoral processes. The research collects posts from Twitter and employs Social Network Analysis (RECUERO et al., 2015) to investigate how fake news, backed by allegations of fraud in electronic voting, were used to mobilize coup attempts and attacks on democratic institutions in Brazil.

Disagreement and rupture: the crisis of liberal democracy and the rise of the extreme right in the 21 st century

Danilo José Dalio — 2025-06-12

The rise of extremism around the world is challenging the conceptions and practices of liberal democracy. Different interpretations of this multifaceted phenomenon tend to recognize it in its externality and its counterpoint to the dominant political forms. On the contrary, we propose the hypothesis that these are endogenous manifestations of the current democratic political systems, a historical expression of the convergence between the crisis of the elitist-pluralist model of democracy and the maturing of neoliberal conservatism, an offshoot of the New Right adjusted to the impositions of monopoly capitalism. The emergence of the popular masses on the streets exposes legitimate democratic demands, but which, when captured by forces of the extreme right, become worrying threats to acquired rights and the achievements of social minorities.

Far right on the rise: how global extremism in the 21st century threatens civilizational values from the perspective of Cas Mudde

Paula Keiko Iwamoto Poloni — 2025-06-12

The investigation into the rise of the extreme right in the 21st century and its implications for civilizational values, including human rights and democratic principles, is the subject of this article. Using Cas Mudde's theoretical model, the research adopts a qualitative methodological approach, with a bibliographical review, analyzing works and documents that discuss the extreme right and its socio-political repercussions. It highlights that the normalization and growing acceptance of extremist ideologies in political systems, highlighting how nationalist, populist and authoritarian discourses have become part of the public debate. The results indicate that this rise undermines civilizational achievements, such as civil rights and freedoms, as well as fostering a rhetoric of exclusion and social polarization. The conclusion emphasizes the urgency of a critical analysis and coordinated political responses to confront this phenomenon, with a view to preserving democratic values and promoting social cohesion in a challenging global context.

“We will go to battle against the democracies of the west”: the repetition of history and the strategies of the current extreme right

Darcon Sousa — 2025-06-12

In this work, we analyze the rise of the extreme right in the 21st century, a political spectrum whose main objective is to deconstruct western democracy, in a context in which the contradictions of capitalism favor the emergence of fascist ideologies, as happened in the last century. The guiding thread of the analysis identifies three strategies used by the extreme right to achieve its ends, namely: 1) The elimination of rational public debate, 2) the dismantling of the institutions of the democratic State of law and 3) the incitement to social aversion. This is a qualitative study in terms of approach, descriptive, and bibliographical in relation to the technical procedure. In conclusion, we infer that social struggles need to incorporate the defense and deepening of democracy as a priority task for the preservation and achievement of social rights.

Conservative youths: analysis based on the social cleavages of gender, race, class, and religion

Rogério de Oliveira Araújo — 2025-06-12

This research analyzes the extent to which conservatism manifests among youth based on the social cleavages of gender, race, social class, and religion. A quantitative methodology was employed through descriptive statistical analysis of data from
the 2022 wave of the Brazilian Electoral Study (ESEB), considering individuals aged 16 to 29 as youth. Young respondents were categorized according to race, gender, social class, and religion. Additionally, they were classified as either progressive or conservative based on their ideological orientation and stance on the decriminalization of abortion. These classifications were cross-tabulated to examine the relationship between conservatism and social cleavages. The results indicate a higher prevalence of conservative attitudes among young men, as well as among Black and Brown youth, while progressive
positions were more common among young women. Conservatism was also more pronounced among Christian youth, particularly Evangelicals, whereas progressive views were more prevalent among followers of Afro-Brazilian religions and atheists. Furthermore, the findings reveal the strong presence of conservatism even among youth from lower socioeconomic strata, underscoring the significant influence of this worldview on how young actors perceive social and political structures.

Neoconservatism, neofascism, and neopentecostalism in brazilian politics: deleterious effects on democracy

Ivann Carlos Lago — 2025-06-12

The article analyzes the rise of neoconservatism and neofascism in Brazilian politics, focusing on the role of Neopentecostal churches in creating the political ideology of being "economically liberal and socially conservative." Using a hermeneutic approach, it references the speeches of Jair Bolsonaro and Edir Macedo, analyzing them through discourse analysis techniques. The theoretical framework covers the origins of neoconservatism and Neopentecostalism in Brazil, as well as addressing some elements of contemporary fascism through the classic characterization by Umberto Eco. It is found that the convergence between Neopentecostal religious denominations and conservative political groups has contributed to the consolidation of typically fascist ideas and worldviews, whose effects have significant deleterious potential on democracy and its institutions.

New populist right and social protection: an interpretation of the Brazilian case

Arnaldo Provasi Lanzara — 2025-06-12

The Bolsonaro government had a very negative impact on the social protection system. Supported by fiscal austerity, the leader of the new right implemented a broad program of dismantling social policies that, despite resistance, compromised contributory benefits in particular. It is worth noting that, unlike the experience of European countries, the new populist right in Brazil had a more neoliberal than statist approach to welfare policies, drawing attention to regional variations in this phenomenon, especially in the Latin American context. Based on an analysis of the political economy of the welfare state and its consequences for electoral competition, this article seeks to explain these variations by analyzing the different strategies and social coalitions that supported the dismantling of policies promoted by the new right in Brazil.

The rise of the far right and arms proliferation: notes on the relationship between CAC and PCC (2019-2022)

Viviane Machado Caminha — 2025-06-12

The article examines the relationship between the rise of the far-right and the proliferation of firearms in Brazil, specifically through the Licenses for Collectors, Shooters, and Hunters. This has served as a mechanism for transferring weapons from the legal to the illegal market, exploited by organized crime, notably the Primeiro Comando da Capital. Employing a qualitative methodological approach, the analysis is framed within the temporal scope of 2018 to 2022. Data collection for the study was conducted through three procedures: 1. literature review; 2. document analysis; and 3. information gathered from major media outlets and reports regarding the subject matter. The findings indicated that the facilitation of access to firearms promoted by the Bolsonaro government failed to achieve the intended effects, resulting in a troubling contradiction where the supply of weapons to the illegal market and their use by organized crime increased.

January 8, 2023 and the attempt to break the constitution

Lenio Luiz Streck — 2025-06-12

This study explores the crisis of Brazilian constitutionalism in the face of rising authoritarian neopopulism, exemplified by the attacks on January 8, 2023. Viewing constitutionalism as an instrument for limiting and rationalizing power, the analysis reflects on how the 1988 Constitution, a symbol of Brazil's democratic transition, has been manipulated in ways that aim to subvert it, including the abusive interpretation of Article 142 to justify military actions against democratic institutions. Conducting a historical-monographic study grounded in the hermeneutic-phenomenological method underlying Lenio Streck’s work, this paper discusses the dangers of distorting constitutional provisions through Carl Schmitt’s decisionism, especially in relation to the threats posed by the far right, and the need for an enhanced legal system to confront antidemocratic threats.

The links between austerity, ultra-liberalism and the rise of the far right through voting

Cristina Pereira de Araujo — 2025-06-12

This article aims to present a line of convergence between austerity programs, the implementation of ultra-liberal agendas and the creation of consensus, through the use of the public sphere, as a strategy for the advancement of the global far-right, endorsed by voting. It presents a historical narrative of austerity policies and their implementation after the First World War, seeking to demonstrate the mechanisms of coercion and consensus adopted since then, ranging from Mussolini's fascism to the use of algorithms through social networks to sell the image of anti-system candidates who try to implement ultra-liberal experiences by the far-right ideological spectrum, as was the case with Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil. It concludes by pointing to the need for regulation of social networks and the politicization of the economy.

Public security in the dynamics of power and democratic erosion in Latin America

Daniel Oscar Pereira Soares — 2025-06-12

The article explores the instrumentalization of public security as a mechanism of autocratization in Latin America, analyzing how urban violence, social inequality and corruption favor authoritarian practices and threaten democratic stability. Based on a literature review, it demonstrates how high rates of violence and crime contribute to the growing use of the rhetoric of insecurity by political actors to justify repression and militarization, weakening civil liberties and fundamental rights. It analyzes how insecurity has fueled popular discontent with democracy, creating conditions for the rise of leaders with authoritarian and autocratic characteristics. This study offers a critical analysis of the implications of these dynamics for democratic stability, relevant to the Latin American context and beyond.

Ideological use of the covid-19 pandemic in the consolidation of right-wing extremism in Brazil

Lourdes Karoline Almeida Silva — 2025-06-12

This essay reflexively analyzes, through Arendt's concept of the banality of evil, the Bolsonaro government's role in the intentional and deliberate dissemination of Covid-19, through the partisan ideologization of the pandemic. The analysis is based on Arendtian understanding, which teaches how to deal with reality in the production of meanings. National journalistic articles and official documents about the pandemic were also worked on. The Bolsonaro government carried out necropolitics, transforming the pandemic into a political platform, through lies and hate speech. Bolsonaro's competitiveness in the 2022 presidential election revealed Brazil's moral catastrophe, with a significant portion of the population supporting the commodification of death. The Bolsonarist pandemic management consolidated right-wing extremism in Brazil, being a totalitarian legacy of “if everything is possible, everything can be destroyed”.

Expediente

Salviana de Maria Pastor Santos Sousa — 2025-06-12

Editorial

Cristiana Costa Lima — 2025-06-12

A edição da Revista de Políticas Públicas (RPP), v. 29, n. 1, periódico acadêmico-científico publicado pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas (PPGPP) da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), tem o seu Dossiê Temático organizado a partir do tema: “O AVANÇO DA EXTREMA DIREITA GLOBAL NO SÉCULO XXI E AS AMEAÇAS ÀS CONQUISTAS CIVILIZATÓRIAS”. No contexto contemporâneo, esse tema tem se afigurado como relevante nos debates, pesquisas e reflexões, em todo o mundo, face ao ascenso e à penetração de tais ideias e suas implicações nos diferentes âmbitos da vida social (econômica, política, educacional, ambiental, identitária, etc.).

Avanço das direitas, retrocesso dos direitos! Entrevista especial com o Prof. Dr. Ivan Henrique Mattos Silva

Arleth Santos Borges — 2025-06-12

Entrevista Especial com o Prof. Dr. Ivan Henrique Mattos Silva , bacharel em Ciências Sociais (UFSCar). Mestrado e doutorado em Ciência Política pela UFSCar, com estágio sanduíche na Brown University. Professor Adjunto de Ciência Política na Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Vice Coordenador geral do Laboratório de Estudos Geopolíticos da Amazônia Legal (LEGAL) e, atualmente, Coordenador-Geral de Políticas Temáticas na Secretaria Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente do Ministério dos Direitos Humanos e da Cidadania.

SOUSA, Jessé. O pobre de direita: a vingança dos bastardos. 1. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2024.

Ruan Didier Bruzaca — 2025-06-12

O desafio de produzir a respeito de um fenômeno aparentemente próximo no aspecto temporal sempre remonta à dúvida quanto à possibilidade de o analisar de forma profunda e não imediatista. No entanto, a ausência de uma análise, apesar das ciladas que a referida proximidade possa repercutir, impediria de se jogar luz sobre uma temática que exige não somente produções acadêmicas, mas também uma ação prática. É o caso da ascensão da extrema direita no mundo contemporâneo, a exemplo do que ocorreu no Brasil no fim dos anos 2010.