Os estudos de Thomas Young sobre a acomodação ocular: análise do episódio e tradução comentada do texto “Observations on vision” (1793)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18764/2447-5777v7n1.2021.1Mots-clés :
Acomodação visual, Óptica, Visão, Thomas Young, LuzRésumé
Neste artigo, apresentamos uma tradução comentada para o português do texto “Observations on vision” (1793), de Thomas Young (1773-1829), seu primeiro trabalho publicado nas Philosophical Transactions da Royal Society. Nesse texto, Young discutiu algumas teorias e ideias sobre a acomodação visual existentes até sua época. Após apontar diversas falhas nessas teorias, ele propôs a sua, baseada na existência de uma musculatura no cristalino responsável especificamente por esse mecanismo. A tradução é precedida por três seções, em que aspectos da história da anatomia ocular e das teorias anteriores para a acomodação visual são abordados, a fim de contextualizar a leitura do material traduzido.
Thomas Young’s studies on visual accommodation: an analysis of the episode and a commented Portuguese translation of his “Observations on vision”(1793)
Abstract
In this paper, we present a commented Portuguese translation of Thomas Young’s (1773-1829) “Observations on vision” (1793), his first published paper in Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions. In this article, Young discussed some previous theories and ideas on visual accommodation up to his days. After pointing out the flaws of these theories, he proposed his own: muscles in the crystalline lens were responsible for this mechanism. The translation is preceded by three sections in which we comment on aspects of the history of eye anatomy and of the previous theories for visual accommodation, in order to contextualize the reading of the translated material.
Keywords: Visual accommodation; Optics; Vision; Thomas Young; Light.
Téléchargements
Metrics
Références
BATES, A. W. H. Vivisection, Virtue Ethics, and the Law in 19th-Century Britain. Journal of Animal Ethics, v. 4, n. 2, p. 30-44, 2014.
BUCHWALD, J; JOSEFOWICZ, D. The Riddle of the Rosetta: How an English Polymath and a French Polyglot Discovered the Meaning of Egyptian Hieroglyphs. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2020.
BURROWS, R. The Anatomy Act of 1822: The Story of Bodysnatching, Dissections, and the Rise of Anatomy. Tenor of Our Times, v. 9, p. 24-45, 2019.
CANTOR, G. N. Optics after Newton: Theories of light in Britain and Ireland, 1704-1840. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1983.
CHESSELDEN, W. An account of some observations made by a young gentleman, who was born blind, or lost sight so early, that he had no remembrance of ever having seen, an was between 13 and 14 years of age. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, v. 35, p. 447-450, 1728.
DALTON, J. Extraordinary Facts relating to the Vision of Colours. Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, v. 5, p. 28-45, 1798.
DARWIN, E. Zoonomia; or, the Laws of Organic Life, London: 1794.
DESCARTES, R. A Dióptrica. Tradução de José P.S. Ramos. Scientia Studiae, v. 8, n. 3, p. 451-486, 2010.
DESCARTES, R. Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison & chercher la vérité dans les sciences. Plus la dioptrique et les météores. Paris: Le Gras, 1658. Disponível em: https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/zoom/1274616. Acesso em: 10 out. 2021.
GLASSER, A.; HOWLAND, H. C. A history of studies of visual accomodation in birds. The Quarterly Review of Biology, v. 71, n. 4, p. 475-509, 1996.
HARPER, D.G. Bringing Accomodation into Focus: The Several Discoveries of the Ciliary Muscle. JAMA Ophtalmology, v. 132, n. 5, p. 645-8, 2014.
HAUKSBEE, F. Physico-mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects. London: 1719.
HAZLITT, W. Table-Talk: Essays on Men and Manners. Urbana: Project Gutenberg, 2002. Disponível em: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3020. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2021.
HOME, E. The Croonian Lecture on Muscular Motion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, v. 85, p. 1-23, 1795.
HOSACK, D. Observations on Vision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, v. 84, p. 196-216, 1794.
de JONG, P. T. V. M. The quest for the human ocular accomodation mechanism. Acta Ophthalmologica, v. 98, n. 1, p. 98-104, 2020.
JURIN, J. An Essay on Distinct and Indistinct Vision. In: SMITH, R. A Compleat System of Opticks, v. 2. Cambridge: printed for the author, 1738. p. 115-171.
LINDBERG, D. C. Theories of vision from Al-Kindi to Kepler. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press, 1976.
LINDBERG, D. C. The Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious and Institutional Context, Prehistory to A.D. 1450. 2nd ed. Chicago /London: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
LEFFLER, C. T.; HADI, T. M.; UDUPA, A.; SCHWARTZ, S. G.; SCHWARTZ, D. A medieval fallacy: the crystalline lens in the center of the eye. Clinical Ophthalmology, v. 10, p. 649-662, 2016.
MITCHELL, P. et al. The study of anatomy in England from 1700 to the early 20th century. Journal of Anatomy, v. 219, n. 2, p. 91-99, 2011.
MOURA, B. A.; BOSS, S. L. B. Thomas Young e o resgate da teoria ondulatória da luz: uma tradução comentada de sua Teoria sobre Luz e Cores. Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física, v. 37, n. 4, 4203, 2015.
MUSSELMAN, E. G. Nervous Conditions: Science and the Body Politic in Early Industrial Britain. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2006.
NEWTON, I. Óptica. Trad. André K.T. Assis. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1996.
NEWTON, I. Principia. Livros II e III. Trad. André K.T. Assis. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2008.
OLIVEIRA, R. A.; MARTINS, A. F. P.; SILVA, A. P. B. Thomas Young e a teoria ondulatória da luz no início do século XIX: aspectos conceituais e epistemológicos. Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física, v. 41, n. 2, e20180141, 2019.
OSBORNE, P. M. A History of Physiological Optics, from 1650 to 1800. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, 1979.
OTT, M. Visual accomodation in vertebrates: mechanisms, physiological response and stimuli. Journal of Comparative Physiology, v. 192, n. 2, p. 97-111, 2005.
PEACOCK, G. Life of Thomas Young. London: John Murray, 1855.
PORTERFIELD, W. A treatise on the eye, the manner and phaenomena of vision. Edinburgh: Millar, A; Hamilton, G., 1759.
PRIESTLEY, J. The History and Present State of Discoveries Relating to Vision, Light, and Colours. London: printed for J. Johnson, 1772.
SAAD, T. C. Jacob Winslow (1669-1760): The surprising legacy of an anatomist. Journal of Medical Biography, v. 29, n. 3, p. 124-131, 2021.
SACHSE, P.; BEERMAN, U.; MARTINI, M.; MARAN, T.; DOMEIER, M.; FURTNER, M. R. “The World is Upside Down”: The Innsbruck Goggle Experiments of Theodor Erismann (1883-1961) and Ivo Kohler (1915-1985). Cortex, 92, p. 222-232, 2017.
SIMPSON, T. The Doctrine and Application of Fluxions: containing (besides what is common to the subject) a number of new improvements in the theory, and the solution of a variety of new and very interesting problems in different branches of mathematicks. London: Printed for John Nourse, 1776.
SMITH, A. M. From Sight to Light: The Passage from Ancient to Modern Optics. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press, 2015.
SMITH, R. A Compleat System of Opticks. v. I. Cambridge: Printed for the author, 1738.
STEFFENS, H. The development of Newtonian optics in England. New York: Science History Publications/USA, 1977.
WRIGHT, K. W. Anatomy and Physiology of Eye Movements. In: WRIGHT, K.W., SPIEGE P.H. (eds.) Pediatric Ophtalmology and Strabismus. New York: Springer, 2003.
YOUNG, T. Observations on the Appearances attending the Conversion of Cast into malleable iron. The Gentleman’s Magazine, v. 21, p. 303-305, 1792.
YOUNG, T. Observations on Vision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, v. 83, p. 169-181, 1793.
YOUNG, T. The Bakerian Lecture: On the Mechanism of the Eye. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, v. 91, p. 23-88, 1801.
YOUNG, T. A course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts. v. I. London: Printed for Joseph Johnson, 1807a.
YOUNG, T. A course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts. v. II. London: Printed for Joseph Johnson, 1807b.
YOUNG, T. Autobiographical Sketch. In: HILTS, V. L. Thomas Young’s “Autobiographical Sketch”. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, v. 122, n. 4, p. 248-260, 1978.
ZINN, J. G. Descriptio anatomica oculi humani iconibus illustrata. Gottingae: apud viduam B. Abrami Vadenhoeck, 1755. Disponível em: https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/zoom/13184085. Acesso em: 10 out. 2021.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
a. Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons CC BY que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
b. Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
c. Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) após a publicação final do manuscrito.
