Feminist movements and social conquests that impact universities in Mozambique

Abstract

This article aims to examine the influence of feminist movements on the development of Mozambican higher education, tracing their trajectory from the emergence of the first movements to the present day. It identifies the key demands and achievements that have shaped institutional structures and women's participation in higher education. The study adopts a qualitative approach, based on a review of relevant literature and documentary analysis. Findings indicate that the early feminist movements in Mozambique emerged as broad-based social movements, initially focused on resisting the colonial regime. These movements prioritized demands related to women's working conditions and, later, their involvement on the frontlines of the anti-colonial struggle. Within the academic context, feminist movements began advocating for a safer and more inclusive university environment, as well as for the establishment of research centers and groups tasked with developing gender policies and strategies to combat sexual harassment. Currently, there is a notable increase in female participation in higher education; however, disparities persist across certain fields of knowledge. Conversely, the representation of women in academic teaching positions remains limited.