El cristianismo en Axum en una perspectiva global: los casos de Frumencio y Ezana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18764/1983-2850v18n52e25970Palabras clave:
Ezana, Frumencio, Axum, Historia GlobalResumen
Axum consistió en un reino situado en el noreste de África, en la región del Cuerno de África. Debido a una expansión militar previa, Axum tuvo acceso a la costa del Mar Rojo en el siglo IV. En 334, el negus Ezana fue convertido por acción de Frumencio, un cristiano sirio establecido en Axum. Este artículo se centra en el análisis de dos documentos textuales escritos por autores contemporáneos de Ezana y Frumencio y que los mencionaron: la Historia Eclesiástica, escrita por Rufino de Aquileia, y la Apología al Emperador Constancio, producida por Atanasio de Alejandría. El objetivo es evaluar las referencias a la inserción de Axum en los circuitos económicos, políticos, religiosos y diplomáticos globales en pasajes con referencias a Frumencio y Ezana. Para ello se adopta el enfoque de Historia Global, basado en un enfoque en las formas de integración. El estudio de los dos documentos a la luz del contexto identificó que la conversión de Ezana y las acciones de Frumencio estaban relacionadas con la integración de Axum en los circuitos mercantiles cristianos. También se encontró que la adhesión al cristianismo desencadenó la movilización de Axum en disputas político-clericales que se venían sucediendo desde el Imperio Romano y que repercutían en las redes diplomáticas.
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